E kūkākūkā kēia ʻatikala pehea e hana ai i kahi huaʻōlelo palekana, ʻo nā mea pono e hahai ʻia i ka wā e hana ai iā lākou, pehea e mālama ai i nā hua huna a hōʻemi i ka hopena o nā mea hana hewa i loaʻa i kāu ʻike a me kāu moʻokāki.
ʻO kēia ka hoʻomau i ka ʻatikala "Pehea e ʻoki ʻia ai kāu ʻōlelo huna" a e kuhikuhi ana ʻoe ua kamaʻāina ʻoe i ka puke i hōʻike ʻia a ʻike ʻole paha i nā ʻano nui a hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia nā ʻōlelo huna.
E hana i nā huaʻōlelo
I kēia lā, i ke kau inoa ʻana i kahi moʻokāki Pūnaewele, e hoʻokumu ana i kahi hua huna, ʻike pinepine ʻoe i kahi hōʻailona o ka ikaika o ka password. Ma kahi kokoke i nā wahi a pau e pili ana i kahi loiloi o kēia mau ʻano ʻelua: ka lōʻihi o ka password; ka hele ʻana o nā kiʻi kūikawā, nā leka a me nā helu ma ka ʻōlelo huna.
ʻOiai ka mea nui o kēia mau ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka pale kū ʻana i ka password ma ka hack brute, ka ʻōlelo huna e ʻike pono nei i ka ʻōnaehana ʻaʻole mau ka mea. No ka laʻana, he huaʻōlelo e like me "Pa $$ w0rd" (a aia kekahi mau helu a me nā helu ma ʻaneʻi) e nui iki paha ka hakahaka - ma muli o ka manaʻo e like me (e like me ka ʻōlelo ma ka moʻolelo i hala aku nei) ka poʻe pinepine ʻole i hana i nā huaʻōlelo kūʻokoʻa (ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 50% o nā huaʻōlelo he ʻokoʻa) a ʻo ka koho i hōʻike ʻia aia nō paha i loko o nā ʻikepili leakona i loaʻa i nā mea pana.
Pehea e ʻO ka koho maikaʻi loa ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hua ʻōlelo huna (loaʻa ma ka Pūnaewele e like me nā lako pūnaewele, a ʻo ia hoʻi i ka hapa nui o nā luna o nā huaʻōlelo no nā kamepiula), e hana ana i nā huaʻōlelo huna lōʻihi e hoʻohana ana i nā huapalapala kūikawā. Ma ka hapanui o ka hapanui, ʻo kahi hua'ōlelo o 10 a ʻoi aku paha i kēia mau kaukaukau ʻaʻole wale e nānā i ka mea ʻaihue (i.e., ʻna e hoʻohiki ʻia kāna polokalamu i koho ʻia i kēlā mau koho) ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka manawa i hala. ʻO ka mea i hala koke nei, ua kū mai kahi mea huna huna huna i ka loiloi Google Chrome.
Ma kēia ʻano, ʻo ka hemahema nui loa ka paʻakikī o nā ʻōlelo huna e hoʻomanaʻo. Inā pono e mālama i ka huaʻōlelo, aia kekahi koho hou e pili ana i ka neʻe ʻana o ka huaʻōlelo 10 10 e loaʻa ana i nā leka a me nā mea kūikawā e kāʻae ʻia i ka helu o nā mau mano a ʻoi aku paha (mau helu kikoʻī e hilinaʻi ʻia i kahi hoʻonohonoho kūpono) nā manawa maʻalahi. ma mua o kahi huaʻōlelo 20 20 i loaʻa i nā leka Latin liʻiliʻi (ʻoiai inā ʻike ka cracker e pili ana iā ia).
No laila, he huaʻōlelo e pili ana i ka 3 mau ʻōlelo Pelekane maʻalahi e maʻalahi e hoʻomanaʻo a hiki ʻole i ka ʻakaʻaka. A ke kākau nei i kēlā me kēia huaʻōlelo me kahi leka uila, hoʻonui mākou i ka helu o nā koho i ke kekona. Inā e lilo ia i 3-5 huaʻōlelo Lūkini (hou aʻe, ma mua o nā inoa a me nā lā) i kākau ʻia ma ka papa ʻōlelo Pelekane, e wehe ʻia hoʻi ka hypothetical o nā ʻano loiloi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mākaʻi no ke koho ʻana i ka ʻōlelo huna.
Loaʻa ʻaʻohe ala kūpono i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā ʻōlelo huna: ma nā ʻano like i loaʻa nā pono a me nā hemahema (pili pū me ka hiki ke hoʻomanaʻo iā ia, hilinaʻi, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe), eia naʻe nā mea maʻamau:
- Pono ka ʻōlelo o ka huaʻōlelo e helu nui o nā huapalapala. ʻO ka palena maʻamau i kēia lā he 8 mau huapalapala. A ʻaʻole lawa kēia inā makemake ʻoe i kahi ʻōlelo huna.
- Inā hiki, nā lula kūikawā, nā leka kiʻekiʻe a i lalo paha, pono e kau ʻia nā helu i ka ʻōlelo huna.
- Mai hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻikepili pilikino i ka ʻōlelo, a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā ʻano hana maʻalahi "ʻimi." ʻAʻole nā lā, inoa a me nā inoa inoa. No ka laʻana, ka uhai ʻana i ka ʻōlelo huna e hōʻike ana i kekahi lā o ka kalena ʻo Julian i kēia makahiki mai ka makahiki 0 a hiki i kēia lā (o ka ʻano o Iulai 18, 2015 a i ʻole 18072015, a).) E lawe ana i kekona mau hola (a hiki i kēlā manawa, e huli ke alakaʻi wale nō ma muli o nā nalo. ma waena o nā ho'āʻo ʻana no kekahi mau hihia).
Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka ikaika o kāu ʻōlelo huna ma ka pūnaewele (ʻoiai ke komo ʻana i nā ʻōlelo huna ma kekahi mau pūnaewele, ʻoi aku hoʻi ʻole https ʻaʻole ʻo ia ka hana palekana) //rumkin.com/tools/password/passchk.php. Inā ʻaʻole makemake ʻoe e hōʻoia i kāu ʻōlelo huna maoli, e hoʻokomo i kahi like like (mai ka helu like o nā huapalapala a me ke ʻano pū o nā huapalapala) e kiʻi i kona manaʻo.
Ma ke kaʻina ke komo ʻana i nā huaʻōlelo, ke helu nei ka lawelawe i ka entropy (ma ke ʻano maʻamau, ʻo ka nui o nā koho no ka entropy he 10 mau bits, ka nui o nā koho he 2 i ka ʻumi o ka mana) no ka ʻōlelo i hāʻawi ʻia a hāʻawi ʻia i ke kōkua no ka hōʻoia ʻana o nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO nā hua'ōlelo me kahi entropy oʻoi aku ma mua o 60 aneane hiki ʻole ke ʻokiʻoki a hiki i ke koho koho ʻia.
Mai hoʻohana i nā ʻōlelo like ʻole no nā moʻokāki ʻē aʻe
Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi waihona nui loa, paʻakikī, akā hoʻohana ʻoe ia i nā wahi āu e hiki ai, lilo koke ia i nā unreliable. A ʻo ka haki ʻana o ka poʻe hacks i kekahi o nā pūnaewele kahi āu e hoʻohana ai i ke ʻano o ka huaʻōlelo a loaʻa iā ia, e hāpau ʻoe e hoʻomaikaʻi koke ʻia (me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā polokalamu kūikawā) ma nā leka uila e pili ana i ka pāʻani, ke pāʻani ʻana, nā lawelawe kūloko a me nā paha panakopa pūnaewele (Ways e ʻike inā ua laka ʻia kāu huaʻōlelo i ka manawa o ka ʻatikala ma mua).
He paʻakikī ka ʻōlelo ʻokoʻa no kēlā me kēia moʻokāki, hikiʻole ke hoʻopiʻi ʻia, akā he mea pono ia inā paha ʻo kēia mau moʻolelo i liʻiliʻi i kekahi o nā mea nui iā ʻoe. ʻOiai, no kekahi mau kau inoa i waiwai ʻole iā ʻoe (ʻo ia, ua mākaukau ʻoe e nalowale iā lākou a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hopohopo) a ʻaʻole i ʻike ka ʻike pilikino, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomanawanui a me nā ʻōlelo huna.
ʻO nā kumu ʻelua
ʻAʻole paha nā mea huna ikaika e hōʻoia ʻole e hiki i kekahi ke hoʻokomo i loko o kāu waihona. Hiki ke ʻaihue ʻia ka ʻōlelo huna i kekahi ʻaoʻao a i ʻole (phishing, e like me ke ʻano he koho maʻamau) a loaʻa ʻia mai ʻoe.
Aneane pau nā hui pūnaewele nui e like me Google, Yandex, Mail.ru, Facebook, VKontakte, Microsoft, Dropbox, LastPass, Steam a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i hoʻohui i ka hiki ke hoʻolilo i nā hōʻoia ʻelua (a i ʻole ʻelua paha laʻa) i nā moʻolelo ma ka wā o kēia manawa i hala. A, inā he mea nui kēia palekana iā ʻoe, ua manaʻo nui au i ka hoʻohuli ʻana.
Hoʻohālikelike ka hana o ke hōʻoia o nā mea ʻelua e like me nā lawelawe like ʻole, akā ʻo ke kumu kumu like:
- Ke hoʻokuʻi nei ʻoe i kāu moʻokāki mai kahi ʻaoʻao i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka ʻōlelo pololei, nīnau ʻia iā ʻoe e hele i kahi loiloi hou.
- Hana ʻia ka loiloi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka code SMS, kahi noi kūikawā ma ka kelepona ʻana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pāʻina mua i mākaukau ʻia, kahi leka uila E-mail, kahi kīwī hāpana (ʻo ke koho hope loa mai Google, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau o kēia ʻoihana ma nā huaʻōlelo ʻelua.
No laila, ʻo ka mea nāna i ʻakaʻi ʻike i kāu ʻōlelo huna, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻopili i loko o kāu moʻokāki me ka ʻole o ka ʻike i kāu mau polokalamu, kelepona, leka uila.
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo maopopo pehea e hana ai nā hōʻoia ʻelua ʻelua, ʻike wau i ka heluhelu ʻana i nā ʻatikala ma ka Pūnaewele ma kēia kumuhana a i ʻole ka wehewehe a me nā kuhikuhi i nā hana ma nā pūnaewele ponoʻī, kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia (ʻaʻole wau hiki ke hoʻohui i nā ʻōlelo kikoʻī i kēia ʻatikala).
Huaʻōlelo huna
Nui nā ʻōlelo huna kūikawā no kēlā me kēia pūnaewele, akā pehea e mālama ai wau iā lākou? ʻAʻole hiki ke mālama ʻia kēia mau ʻōlelo huna a pau. He mālama waiwai ka mālama ʻana i nā hua huna i mālama ʻia i loko o kahi polokalamu: ʻaʻole lākou e lilo wale i ka nāwaliwali i ka ʻae ʻole i ka ʻae ʻole, akā hiki ke nalo wale ʻia i ka hanana ʻana o nā ʻōnaehana a he kīnā ʻole ʻia ka hoʻonohonoho.
Manaʻo ʻia ka hopena ʻoi loa i nā mana o nā huaʻōlelo, aia ma nā ʻōlelo maʻamau nā polokalamu e mālama i kāu ʻikepili huna a i kahi hale kūʻai paʻa paʻa (ma ka pūnaewele a me ke online) hoʻopili ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i hoʻokahi hua ʻōlelo huna (hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolilo i ka hōʻoia ʻelua o nā kumu). ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia mau papahana ua lako pū ʻia me nā mea hana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka loiloi ʻana i ka ikaika o ka password.
ʻO kekahi mau makahiki i hala aku nei ua kākau wau i kahi ʻatikala e pili ana i ka Manaʻo Hoʻokele Hoʻokele maikaʻi (pono ia e kākau ai, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi manaʻo o nā mea a he aha nā polokalamu e kaulana mai kēia ʻatikala). Makemake kekahi kekahi i nā kūmole ma waena, e like me KeePass a i ʻole 1Password, e mālama ana i nā huaʻōlelo a pau ma kāu kelepona, nā poʻe ʻē aʻe e makemake i nā mea hana pono e hoʻolako pū i kahi mālamalama (LastPass, Dashlane).
Kūpono ʻia nā luna kākāila ʻike maikaʻi i ke ʻano palekana a palekana hoʻi e mālama ai iā lākou. Eia naʻe, mea pono e noʻonoʻo i kekahi mau kikoʻī:
- No ke komo ʻana i kāu mau ʻōlelo huna a ʻike ʻoe e ʻike i hoʻokahi huaʻōlelo huna master.
- I ka hihia o ka mālama ʻana i ka mālama pūnaewele (ma hoʻokahi mahina i hala aku nei, ua ʻoi ʻia ka lawelawe lawelawe hoʻokele hope loa ʻo LastPass ma ka honua), e pono e hoʻololi i kāu ʻōlelo huna.
Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke mālama i kaʻu ʻōlelo huna nui? Eia kekahi mau koho:
- Ma ka pepa i kahi palekana e loaʻa ai iā ʻoe a me kou ʻohana ka helu (ʻaʻole kūpono no nā ʻōlelo huna e pono e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia).
- Hoʻokahi kikowaena huna ʻōlelo huna (no ka laʻana, KeePass) i mālama ʻia i kahi waihona mālama lōʻihi a hana hoʻi i kahi ma kahi o ka nalowale.
I koʻu manaʻo, ʻo ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea āpau o luna aʻe nei: ʻo kēia ka hopena: ʻo nā huaʻōlelo nui loa (ʻo ka leka uila nui, kahi hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻihoʻi hou i nā moʻokāki, nā pēpē, a me nā mea āpau) i mālama ʻia i loko o ke poʻo a (a) i ka pepa ma kahi palekana. ʻOi aku ka mea nui a ma ka manawa like, hiki i nā mea pinepine ke kau ʻia i nā polokalamu luna password.
Hoike ike
Manaʻo wau e loaʻa ka hui pū ʻana o nā manaʻo ʻelua ma ke kumuhana o nā ʻōlelo huna i kekahi o ʻoukou e makaʻala i kekahi o nā hanana palekana āu i manaʻo ʻole ai. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole au i komo i nā koho āpau hiki, akā he maʻalahi a me ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana o nā loiloi, e kōkua iaʻu e hoʻoholo pehea e palekana ai nā mea āu e hana nei i kekahi manawa. Eia hou hou aku, kekahi i ʻōlelo ʻia a me kekahi mau mea hou aʻe:
- E hoʻohana i nā ʻōlelo huna no nā pūnaewele like ʻole.
- Pono paʻakikī nā ʻōlelo, a hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonui i ka paʻakikī ʻoi loa i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lōʻihi o ka ʻōlelo.
- Mai hoʻohana i ka ʻikepili pilikino (kahi e hiki ke ʻike ʻia) i ka wā e hoʻokumu ai i ka ʻōlelo huna ponoʻī, hōʻike pū no ka huli, nā nīnau palekana no ka hoʻihoʻi.
- E hoʻohana i ka hōʻoia 2-step inā hiki.
- E ʻike i ke ala maikaʻi loa no ka mālama palekana i nā hua huna.
- E makaʻala i phishing (e nānā i nā punaewele pūnaewele, hoʻopili) a me ka spyware. Ma nā wahi āu e noi ʻia ai e hoʻokomo i kahi ʻōlelo huna, e nānā inā komo ʻoe i ka pūnaewele ma ka pūnaewele kūpono. Mālama i kāu kamepiula i nā polokalamu lako polokalamu ʻole.
- Inā hiki, mai hoʻohana i kāu mau ʻōlelo huna ma nā kamepiula o ka poʻe ʻē aʻe (inā pono, e hana iā ia i ka "incognito" mode o ka mākaʻikaʻi, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ke kī ʻana ma ke aniani), ma nā pūnaewele ʻo Wi-Fi e wehe ʻia, akā inā ʻaʻole he https encryption ka pili ʻana i ka pūnaewele. . ^ E Ha yM.
- ʻAʻole paha ʻoe e mālama i nā huaʻōlelo nui loa ma kahi kamepiula a pūnaewele paha e waiwai nui nei.
Me kekahi mea like. Manaʻo wau ua hoʻokō wau e hoʻāla i ka kiʻekiʻe o paranoia. Maopopo nō iaʻu ʻo ka hapa nui o ka mea i wehewehe ʻia ʻaʻole kūpono ʻole, ʻo nā manaʻo like "maikaʻi, he pōkole kēia iaʻu," akā ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō no ka palaualelo ke ʻimi nei i nā rula palekana maʻalahi inā ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻike pilikino wale nō ka mea o kona pono a me kou maʻa mau. ae lilo ia i waiwai a nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu.
